THE TOP SECRET OF TEAK.

(How Teak grow : growth habit)

?The process over a year(12 months) can be divided into three phase:

Resting phase(summer) : young Teak stops growing. In this phase because of the dry season, water deficiency made physiological action abnormal and matures (Dormancy phase.)

1. Active-growing phase.(Rainy) : Teak are growing fast because of a most suitable climate and soil moisture content. The increments in DBH. and volume, are 80% of total increment in the year.(start from early to late rainy season)
2. Slow-growing phase(winter) : Growth of Teak becomes slower until they enter in to dormant phase with falling leaves because of decreasing rainfall and temperature.

• Teak grew fast during the first 5 years with the mean annual increments of 0.5-2.5 cm./DBH. and 0.5-2.3 m. in height respectively.

• Teak is a highly positive tree species which needs adequate sunlight during every stage of its growth, or a light demanding tree species.

• Teak is a tropical deciduous forest tree species. The species is a number of the family ?Verbenaceae.?

• Growth of Teak is more vigorous in deep, well drained alluvium soil found a long the banks of rivers and also the foot of ridges.

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TEAK ?PLANTATION? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

1. ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF TEAK.

Teak can grow on a variety of soil. It develops best on well drained, deep and fertile soils, especially on volcanic substrate or on alluvial soils of various origins. The optimum soil pH is between 6.5 -7.5 The calcium magnesium and phosphorus content in the soil is another important factor and its deficiency results in stunted growth optimum rainfall for teak range between 1,250 and 3750 mm. the species requires a dry season of at least 4 months with less than 60 mm. precipitation(Kaosa-ard,1981)

The maximum and minimum temperatures are 43 degree and 13 degree respectively. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained alluvial soils, hard lateric and clayey soils are unsuitable.

Plantation sites should be select at lower altitudes,(<500 m.) on well drained soil and in areas with low incidence of strong wind.(typhoons). Slope is not exceeding 30 degree. Poor drained water logging and saline soil are unsuitable.

Remark :

??????????? Above an altitude of 700 m. teak may surfers from frost and wind damage, which retards growth significantly. Soils suitable for growing teak should be at least 60 cm. thick, loose and fertile, with surface stratum of more than 10 cm., a humus content of 20 percent. Land with sticky sub soil and pH of below 5.0 and slope are more than 30 degree should be a voided.

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2. SITE SELECTION FOR GOOD TEAK PLANTATION. (GOOD SITES)?

Annual rainfall?????????????? 1,750-2,500????????? mm.

Attitudes??????????????????????? 400 ? 600m.

Soil type??????????????????????? Red mountain laterite/fertile soil.

Soil pH????????????????????????? pH 5.8 ? 6.8

Soil dept??????????????????????? >1.5 m./well drained soil.

A humus contents ? ? ? ? >5%

Slope ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5-20 degree(good slope and valleys)

Wind????????????????????????????? moderate

Mean temp.????????? ????????? 19.4 degree.

Plant indicators????????????? bamboo mixed forests.

Frost ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? no frost.

 

3. PLANTATION LAYOUT.

• Plantation
• Nature and ecological balance.
• Block and road design and drainage system.

1 block??????????? = 32 ha.

Road width ???? = 10 m. and do not longer than 400 m.

Fire break ?????? = 10 m.

 

4. THE SPACING.

The following planting design options are recommended for establishment a teak plantation.

• Spacing 2×4 m. = 1,250 teak/ha.
• Easiest and cheapest planting design to establish.
• Suitable where mounting and drainage lines is to be taken.
• Thinning must taken into account the spacing between final croptrees. The final selection of vigorous, healthy trees with relatively even spacing.
• Good weed control is essential to promote early growth and successful establishment.

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5. THE FROM PRUNING.(2-3 YEARS)

• De- budding and pruning of side branches is necessary in young plantations to improve the value of the basal timber.
• A strong and straight leader(axis) needs to be selected and the others sprouts trimmed.
• Sometimes planted stumps produce multiple shoots of which only the most vigorous one is kept.

Remark : equipment and tools for pruning.

??????????? Epicormic? knife removal of stem epicormic branch with knife or by hand.

??????????? Pruning shear.

 

 

6. THE FERTILIZING. (1-3 YEARS.)

Do not fertilize newly-planted trees too soon. The application must be very light and broadcast evenly, but not against the stems of the trees. Apply to moist soil 1-2 month post-planting. Weeds are controlled prior? to fertilizing.

As soon as the trees are established and start growing, fertilizer must be applied regular to the quantities given as below.

• During 1^ST

– Fist weeding(100 cm.) after planting 30 days. Application NPK 10 gm./tree(1 table spoonful) distance 20 cm. from Teak stem(3 points). Put in to soil deep 5-10 cm.(when soil has moisture content only) after rainy day.

– Second weeding (100 cm.) after planting 60 days-90 days, application NPK 30 gm/tree(2 table spoonful)? distance 30-40 cm. from Teak stem(3 points). Put in to soil deep 5-10 cm.(when soil has moisture content only) after rainy day.

• During 2^nd year, NPK 50 gm/tree in 2 times, (when soil has moisture content only.) after weeding and soil working. Mulching and soil working are combined during the last weeding.

• During 3^rd year, NPK 100 gm/tree in 2 times(after rainy day) after weeding and soil working. Mulching and soil working are combined during the last weeding.

Remark : This is only a guideline. Correct fertilization can be only be applied according to the soil analysis for young trees and leaf analysis for matured trees.

 

7. THE ESTABLISHMENT.

7.1 The nursery.

-The quality of the Teak trees grow in the nursery determines the success of an plantation. Teak seedling that received poor or incorrect treatment in the nursery will log behind in the plantation, and die easily.

-The vigorous seedling, the better the root system will have developed and the greater the chances of successful establishment.

 

7.2 Seedling transportation.

-Teak seedling from a nursery should already have been hardening.

-Plant the trees as soon as possible ; if keep too long they may become root-bound or supper from nutrient deficiencies.

-Do not place the trees in the sun because the containers will become hot and the roots could be burn even before planting.

-Handle with care for a long distance. Keep safety moisture content, out of the sun and wind, a 90% of survival rate can be expected.

 

7.3 Land preparation.

-Wood cutting.

-Burning.

-Collecting and re-burning.

Land preparation should be clean and clear before rainy season about 4 months.(Pre planting.)

The clearing of the areas is done by hand or tractor D.6 and started early enough in the dry season to be finish before the rain season. One man clear about 1 ha./month.

The slash must have dried for 2 to 4 weeks before burning. Usually a second burn must be done after un-burnt and thicker slash has been pulled together.

 

????????? 7.4 Bamboo pegs supply.(1,250 pegs/ha.)

The position of each Teak stump is pegged with a piece of bamboo about 1 m. high. A spacing 2×4 m. is recommended. Hopefully, this spacing will result in a better stem form, self pruning, compared with the parent trees.

 

????????? 7.5 Line marking.(2×4 m.)

Line marking direction should be made along the contour line and along the stream.

 

????????? 7.6 ?Planting and Early care.

Growing trees well requires a mixture of skills, training and obtaining the right technical information is important and 95 % survival rate.

?????????????????? 7.6.1 Poly bags seedlings.

-After proper soil preparation the holes for planting should be large enough for the bag containing the tree to fit in side.(30x30x30 cm.)

-Cut the bags at bottom side open before planting to ensure that the trees have well-developed roots systems and the roots are undamaged.

-Planting day should be made after heavily rainfall and soils deeply wet condition.

-Do not plant the Teak trees deeper than it was planted in the bag and plant the trees upright.

-After heavy rainfall, check water logging at the base of the trees.

 

7.6.2 Stumps seedlings.

-Avoid injuries to roots of stumps seedlings.

-The stumps are out-planted easily by plugging them in to the ground. Under favorable grown conditions, the survival rate can be as high 95 % and the high growth of the coppice from the planted stumps is between 0.75 to 1 m. at the end of first growing season.

-Planting periods should be on overcast and rainy day during the rainy season. Attention should be paid to the following:

(a) Seedling should be deeply planted, early in the rainy season. And planting should be take place during wet conditions.

(b) After seedling have been planted(30 days), planting hole should be make soil earthed up and made like a turtle?s back to prevent water logging and gathering, which care server influence survival. Drainage lines 1 m. from planting trees should be practice, also.

 

Warning ; potential hazardous situation from water logging, if not a voided, could result in death or serious injury.

 

7.7 Maintenance and Tending.

-1^st weeding & replanting.(spot weeding 1 m.)

-1^st fertilizing.(see article 6)

-2^nd weeding.(line weeding 2 m.)

-2^nd fertilizing.(see article 6)

-3^rd weeding.(clear weeding)

-4^th weeding.(clear weeding)

Tending of young Teak plantation ; Scarifying soil, weeding, expanding planting pits and earthing soil like turtle?s back are done for planting at the rainy season.

4 times weeding are recommended in the first growing season, weeding of competing vegetable and cutting of climber wines is necessary. Sometimes planted stumps produce multiple shoots of which only the most vigorous one kept.

 

7.8 Fire protection.

Fire protection is a very important part of Teak plantation practice. Each year?s planting are should be protected by a fire line of 10 m. wide which is cleared of all vegetation. It is advisable to provide fire protection during each dry season. Fire is also associated with, erpicormic branching, some loss of soil nutrients and humus, and leaves the surface soil exposed to erosion. Repeated fires may reduce considerably the site potential, thus causing a decrease in growth rate and the tree susceptible to insects attack.

(See table 1. work plan for the establishment and check lists.)?? ????

 

8. TENDING FOR 2-3 YEARS OLD.

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Tending 2-3 years.

The purpose of this activity is to establish high value forest both in volume quality by the end of rotation age and keep the soil fertility as well as to maintain the environment quality. Site deterioration and erosion, Teak indicated by slow growth, badly shaped stems and light crowns. Rain falling on bare ground, causes displacement of soil particles. Serious erosion was observed under some stands wherever soil are unprotected by under story of vegetation.

 

? 8.1 From pruning.(details in article 5)

? 8.2 1^st weeding & replanting.(spot weeding 1 m.)

? 8.3 1^st fertilizing.(details in article 6)

? 8.4 2^nd? weeding.(line weeding 2 m.)

? 8.5 2^nd fertilizing.(details in article 6)

? 8.6 3^rd weeding.(clear weeding)

? 8.7 4^th weeding.(clear weeding)

? 8.8 Fire protection.(see article 7.8)

 

(See table 2. work plan for 2-3 years old and check lists.)

 

 

9. WORK PLAN FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEAK PLANTATION. (details in table 1)

10. WORK PLAN FOR 2-3 YEARS OLD OF TEAK PLANTATION. (details in table 2)

11. PROJECTED YIELD PER HA. FOR TECTONA FORESTS OF ZAMBEZIA. (details in table 3)

12. MANPOWER PER HA.

13. SILVICULTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF TEAK PLANTATIONS.(B. Krishnapillay)

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• Management strategies

Teak is an obligate light-demanding species throughout its life cycle. Inferior trees are readily suppressed if stand density is too high. Accordingly, plantations must be thinned regularly and heavily, particularly in the first half of the rotation. Initial planting density is generally between 1,200 and 1,600 plants per hectare.

The spacing of trees and the number, timing and intensity of thinnings strongly affect the pattern of growth and the yield of the plantation. If thinning is practiced late, growth rate decline or cease, whereas if the stand is thinned too early or too heavily, the trees have a greater tendency to produce side branches and epicormic shoots. This also reduces the potential yield of the plantation since growth is diverted from the main stem, which should be free from defects such as those caused by side branches and epicormic shoots.

The timing of the first thinning is often determined by the height of ?the trees and is commonly carried out when the trees reach 9.0 to 9.5 m. The second thinning may be carried out when the trees reach 17 to 18 m.

The site generally has a carrying capacity independent of initial stocking rates and thinning regimes. The carrying capacity is measured in terms of the basal area(the average cross-sectional area of all trees per unit of land). It is possible to identify the thinning regime necessary to achieve a certain basal area on and area of land by retaining a minimum number of trees. The mean basal area is often allowed to reach 20 to 22m² per hectare after the second thinning. ?A third thinning is then carried out to reduce the mean basal area to 13 to 15 m² per hectare. Thinning and pruning operations have a strong effect on the yield and quality of timber. To produce long boles free from knots, the usual strategy is to keep stands closed using high-density plantings, which remain untwined for the first three or four years of the plantation. The objective is to minimize the size of the crowns and the side branches in order to improve the quality and appearance of the timber and, thereby, its value.

Overall, it is desirable to thin the stand to the number that is optimal for reduction of undue competition and for the best growth of the remaining trees. A final stocking of about 300 trees per hectare would be the ideal.

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• Quality of plantation-grown Teak

It has been alleged that Teak obtained from plantations is of inferior physical quality relative to Teak obtained from the natural forest. More variability in wood quality has been observed in Teak obtained from the natural forest than in plantation Teak, and this is undesirable from the point of view of use. The general notion prevailing among Teak uses is that fast-growing Teak produces only light, weak and spongy wood? (Bryce, 1966). However, studies conducted at the Forest Research Institute in Dehra Dun, India, do not support this view. Although plantation trees grow faster than forest trees, it has been shown that the relationship between growth rate and strength is not significant.

Studies by Sanwo(1986) based on dominant, and subdominant trees from a 27 ?year-0ld Teak plantation in Nigeria showed that the rate of growth has no significant influence on specific gravity. Teak wood is generally stronger at the upper and lower ends and comparatively week at intermediate heights. A study on 20-year-old Teak trees grown in plantations in wet areas in India gave similar results.

Other studies have indicated that wood density and mechanical properties are independent of growth rate or that fast-grown trees of ring-porous species have higher wood density and strength . More recently, a study on the wood properties of fast-grown plantation Teak trees of different ages revealed that there were no significant differences in wood density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity(MOE) or maximum crushing stress. It was concluded that young trees(13 to 21 years of age) are not necessarily inferior in wood density and strength to older trees aged 55 and 65 years, and hence that the rotation age of fast-grown Teak wood can be reduced without affecting the timber strength.

Various products such as glue-edged boards, furniture, doors and small Teak wood arte facts have been made from thinning materials, showing that even sapwood can be used to produce high-quality objects.

 

14. TEAK LOG PRICE.

Teak is one of the most valuable of the tropics. It is extensively used for ship building, furniture, carving and numerous other purposes. The properties of Teak which make it so valuable are lightness with strength, stability, durability, ease of working without cracking and splitting, resistance to termites, resistance to fungi, resistance to weather and non-corrosive properties. The physical and mechanical properties of Teak timber are also similar to or even superior to other well-known timbers of the temperate region.

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• Myanmar Teak (Aug. 2006)

– Veneer quality.

2^nd ?Quality ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1,71,105 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

3^rd ?Quality ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1,52,134 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

4^th ?Quality ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1,30,457 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

– Sawing quality.

sg-1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?97,173 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

sg-2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 83,814 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

sg-4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 56,059 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

 

• Thai Teak(2005)

– Plantation Teak.

20 years ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 61,000 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

15 years ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 51,850 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rs/m³.

 

• Costa Rica Teak(2005)

-Plantation Teak.

10 years.???? = 36,051 ? ? ??Rs/m³.? (0.3269 m³/tree)

15 years.???? = 63,196 ? ? ? ?Rs/m³.? (0.5489 m³/tree)

20 years.???? = 1,36,091 ? ?Rs/m³.?(0.8639 m³/tree)

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TEAK PLANTATION TECHNICAL CHECK LISTS.

TECH 1 : 5 STEPS FOR STUMP CARING.

• Open stump boxes and adjusted Teak stump in direct standing.
• Keep the stump boxes in plastic dome and shelter.
• Spray fungicide every 3 day.
• If the stump are dry give some water.(by watering pot.)
• In 10 day after Teak arrive you must be finish planting.

 

TECH 2? : 6 STEPS TO PROTECTS A DEATH OF SEEDLING. (Plantation.)

• Planting skill especially firmness of soil around the roots and planting depth.
• Check for weather forecast, planting when the first heavy rain started.
• Harding and strong seedling are use for the early planting. It do not suffered moisture stress during transportation to site and distribution to planting hole.
• Early planting and control water logging.
• Early weeds control and 4 times weeding are recommended in the first year.
• Mid to late rainy season planting makes Teak stump slow growth and high mortality.

??Teak is seasonal growth species. Early planting in the first heavily rain is one best way for productivity.”? ?

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TECH 3 : 7 STEPS TO MORE PRODUCTIVE TEAK PLANTING.?

• Land preparation for planting.(before rainy season.)

– Clear and clean.

– Spacing 2×4 m.

 

• Early planting give higher growth and low mortality.

– Plant with the first heavy rains.

– Handling seedling with care. Safety moisture contents for seedlings during transportation and distribution.

– Skilled staff only.

– Firmness of soil around the roots and planting depth.

 

• Control weeds early.

– Control small weeds is easier than large weeds.

– 4 time weeding.

 

• Check for water logging.

– Digging drained.

– Furrowing.

 

• Check for insect and pest.

– Control if necessary.

 

– When it has 6 leaves. Application fertilizer 15 gm./Teak, when soil moisture is good condition only.

 

• Keep records for evaluation and future planting.

– Rainfall records, costs, manpower.

– Always think of ways to improve.

 

TECH 4 : 8? PROBLEMS FOR TEAK STAGNATES IN GROWTH. (abnormally and slow growth)

• Poor soil physical./poor drain./ /soil pH.
• Weed competition./inadequate weeding.
• Acute nutrient deficiency.
• Late planting and water logging.
• Insects and fungi damage.
• Poor micorrhiza.
• Lime deficiency induced chlorosis,
• Strong wind and frosts effects.

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TECH. 5 : TEAK PLANTING

Early planting

Low costs

Saving losses

Low mortality.

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• Nursery and seedling.
• Transportation to site and distribution to planting site.(long distance./many site./road conditions.)
• Land preparation (2 month only)
• Staff training.(early planting.)

– Road and block design.

– Hardening and grading planting stock.

– Planting tech.(crowbar and digging hole.)

– Manual and check lists for Teak productivity.

– Material, equipment and tools.

 

TECH. 6 : TEAK PLANTATION

2 m. height.

Uniformity.

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• Early (Dec.-Jan.)

– Replanting.

– Fertilizer.(NPK : 30 gm./Teak.) when moisture soil.

– Pruning double leader and

basal shoot.

 

• Insect and pest control.

• Training course.

– Manual, Check lists.

– Skills technique.

 

TECH. 7 : 6 STEPS FOR TEAK? PLANTATION TECHNIQUES.

The following techniques are usually carried out for Teak plantation establishment.

STEP 1 Site preparation

– Demarcation

– Blocking

– Brushing

– Felling

– Burning and Packing(2 times)??? Summer.

 

STEP 2 Preparation for planting

– Supply of Pegs.

– Peg transportation.

– Lining and Pegging.

– Seedling/transport.

 

STEP 3 Planting hole.(30x30x30 cm.)

 

 

STEP 4 Planting and replanting/beating-up.

– Planting of seedlings.

– Replanting.

 

STEP 5 Maintenance.(Tending operation)?? ???Rainy

– 1^st weeding

– 2^nd weeding

– 3^rd weeding

– 4^th weeding and mulching.

 

STEP 6 Fire protection.

-? Fire tracing and clearing

-? Fire guard man.????????? ?????????????????? ?Winter &Summer.

-? Fire fighting team.

 

 

TECH. 8 : PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH OUR PEOPLE?S.?????????? ?(1-3 YEARS.)

1. BLOCK MANAGEMENT

• 1 BLOCK =?????? 35 ha.(43,750 Teak.)

=?????? 1?? learder

=?????? 1?? m cel.

 

1. WOODLOTS MANAGEMENT.

• 1 WOODLOTS ????????? =?????? 2 ha.=100X200 m.???????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????? =?????? 20,000 m.²

=?????? 2,500? Teak.

=?????? 1-2 man.(family)

 

(LAND CLEARING, PLANTING, 4 WEEDING)

 

TECH. 9 : TRAINNING PROGRAM FOR TECTONA FORESTS

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• MANAGEMENT & STAFF COURSE :

– PLANNING PLANTATION.

– BUGGET.

– WORK PROGRESS.

 

• TECHNICIAL & SUPERVISOR COURSE :

– SEEDLING TECHNIQUE.

– NURSERY TECHNIQUE.

– LAND PREPARATION

– MARKING & PEGGING & HOLING TECHNIQUE

– PLANTING TECHNIQUE

– FERTILIZER TECHNIQUE

– WEEDING TECHNIQUE

– FIRE PROTECTION.

– PRUNING TECHNIQUE

 

• LEARDER COURSE :

– LAND PREPARATION

– PEGGING & HOLING

– PLANTING

– FERTILIZER

– PRUNNING.

– WEEDING

– INSECT & PEST CONTROL.

– FIRE PROTECTION.

 

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TECH.10 : SUSTAINABLE PLANTATION MANAGEMENT.(FSC)

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??????????????????? – Economic sustainability.

– Social sustainability.

– Environmental sustainability

FSC. Criteria: environment sustainability.

– Conservation zone = 5% of total area.

– Standing tree along stream bank.

– Buffer zone/ecological corridor

– Key habitat or biotope area.

– Endanger species.

– Very old tree or big tree.

– Animal and bird living tree.

– Semi ? natural forest.

– Fruit tree.

– Genetic tree/herb tree.

– High erosion area.

 

?Considering managing for wood products and environmental(soil, water, habitat and landscape) and conservation of suitable native forest areas?

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TECH. 11 : COVER CROP AND INTER PLANTING.

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????????? –Individual Teak plantations or block will not exceed 100 ha. To prevent pest out breaks and large clearing in any year.

-Inter planting with Leucaena leucocephala in creased tree height by 16 % and diameter by 20 % in the second year. Inter cropping with agricultural crops such as mountain rice, corn, pine apple also benefits young Teak trees.

-The planting of Teak intercropped with crops during initial stages is beneficial to both agriculture and forest, with crops promoting the growth of Teak.

-Leguminous species mixed with Teak, such as soya bean, cassia siamea in appropriate ratio and with good regulating measures cause no ill effect on Teak growth and returns organic matter to the soil as well as restricting weed invasion.

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? Plantations for high value clear wood > a long term asset > +15 years > do the planting carefully.????????????

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TECH.12 : SOILS.

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• Soil examination.

-Soil type.

-Soil compaction.

-Soil texture.

-Soil depth.

-Drainage capacity of the soil.

 

• Soil color.

-Redish-brown, red and dark-brown soils, particularly in sub soil and soil pH. 6-6.5 are suitable for Teak plantations.

-Yellow grey, like-brown and white soils are temporary to permanent water logged conditions.(unsuitable.)

 

• Soil analysis.

-A chemical analysis is necessary to determine lime or NPK. requirements. Soil where Teak are to be planted should be sampled at least 9 months prior to planting.

-A soil analysis after planting will indicate the availability of nutrients in the soils.

 

• Leaf analysis.

-A leaf analysis provides information on the uptake of nutrients by the plant.

 

 

TECH. 13 : CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

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• Rainfall : September? 50 ???? ?? October?????? 85 ??mm.

November?? 110 ?? mm.?? December??? 140 mm.

January?????? 140 ?? mm.?? February???? 140 mm.

 

• Seasons : Spring(summer)?? = August. – September.

Rainy???????????????????????????? = November.- June.

Winter????????????????? = June. – August.

 

• Regions : Warm regions is best growing for Teak than cool regions.

 

• Wind : Strong wind resulting in lower Teak productivity.

 

• Elevation : Elevation < 2,000 feet is good for Teak.

 

• Frost : No frost.

 

• Slope : Teak grow well on soil with a slight slope, which enables the run-off or drainages of excess water and thus prevent water logging. Teak roots will die off in over saturated soil as a result of a lack of aerations.

 

• Teak internodes : Long internodes are an indication of vigorous and healthy trees.

 

 

TECH. 14 : SOIL pH. AND LIME REQUIREMENTS.

• Red and yellow-brown soils with clay content of between 15 and 40 % seem to be the most suitable for Teak

• Teak trees grown best in soil with pH. Values 6 to 7.5

• At pH. Values lower or higher than 6 to 7.5 the trees may suffer trace-element deficiencies, especially phosphate and potassium.

• Calcium and phosphate are elements which move very slow downwards in soils. Should there be a shortage of one of these elements, especially in the sub soil, incorporation should be made during soil preparation or holing.

• Lime, normally dolomite, supplied the soil with the important nutrients, calcium and magnesium, while also reducing soil acidity and potential toxic elements such as aluminum and manganese. It is important that lime be broadcast and incorporated in to the soil drown to the depth of at least 30 cm. before planting. Supply early in the season but not with the same weeks of nitrogen applications.

• The application of phosphate fertilizer promotes growth, 50-200 g. of calcium phosphate may be applies to the planted holes according to the size of the young trees during initial growing stage each year.

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TECH. 15 : THE GOOD MANAGEMENT.

• Establish more new plantations.

• Consider managing for both wood products and environmental.

• Plantations cost a lot to establish with returns often decade later.

• Growing trees well requires a mixture of skills, training and obtaining the right technical information is important.

• Do the essentials properly :

-Planning & nursery

-Site preparation.

-Planting.

-Pruning & Thinning.

 

• Balance the need for an interests with the costs of managing the land sustainable :

-Carefully planning.

-Evaluating all the options for each areas.

-Having a whole plan and good map.

-Having the discipline to do tasks.

 

?Plantation for high value clear wood Teak >a long term asset >+15 years>do the planning carefully?

 

TECH. 16 : TECTONA GRANDIS FORM ENCYCLOPEDIA.

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TEAK, a tall, stately forest tree, Tectona grandis, of the verbena family, renowned for its excellent timber. It is native to southeastern Asia, and commercial supplies come from India, Burma, Thailand, and the island of Java. Much of the timber has been depleted by cutting. The tree, which grows to a height of 100 to 150 ft. and has a trunk 3 to 8 ft. in or bluish flowers in terminal clusters, and globular fruits about the size of cherries, containing oily seeds. Teak wood is hard, heavy, and strong, and the brown heartwood is nearly immune to decay. Its shrinkage in drying is very small, close to that of mahogany, and it is used in the United States and Europe chiefly for the decking of large and expensive vessels; for cabin interiors of small pleasure boats, ships, and yachts; and for the interior finish of fine residences, club rooms, and bank buildings.

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TECH. 17 😕 SITE, TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY.

The need to maximize the a mount of wood produced per unit area is now widely appreciated the plantation. To this end, faster growing and higher yielding tree plantations are rapidly replacing the natural forests and harvested trees are becoming more completely used.

 

Traditionally foresters are interested mainly in the volume of merchantable stem wood produced in a forest stand. The growth of this portion of the tree is however determined by the rate of diameter growth and clear stem development. In teak, this clear stem is often determined by terminal inflorescence which usually marks the beginning of heavy branching. Teak differs from other trees since it flowers quite early and usually flowers on the main shoot only. Teak generally flowers in the fifth or sixth year but in the places it may flower as early as two year of age. General observations indicate that that the main shoot which has been flowered will partly die-back, and some lateral buds at the base of the inflorescence grow up into two or more shoots. These shoots may develop in to big branches of equal size that competing with each other and causing the trees to become forked. Teak flowing causes die-back of the leader and if two or more competing leaders the bole.

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TECH. 18 : TEAK PLANTATION AND RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.

Recently, the social forestry effort has been introduced and the agro forestry system applied in? plantation areas where local people need land for their livelihood. These efforts are at the increasing share of forest and forestry in the improvement of living of the rural people in particular and in regional development in general. This effort will create two main objective, namely welfare to the people and well managed teak plantation which in turn better quality of life.

 

We Provide all types of Teak Plants in Andhrapradesh, Gujrat, Himanchal, Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Tamilnadu, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttarpradesh, Madhyapradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West bengal, Odisha, Maharastra and karnatka , India , Tanzania , USA , Africa , Dubai and other countries also . We team of more than 1,00,000 farmers all over India who are skilled in Teak Plantation and performing amazing results in last 60years . We provide all species of teak plants in PAN India as well as in Abroad , We INDIA PLANTATION known for quality & services all over the world.

 

WHY TISSUE CULTURE TEAK (SAGWAN)

With international boycotts on harvesting natural teak the only alternative supply is cultivated plantations. Our teak trees are grown from tissue culture and selected certified seed which when cultivated using our intensive husbandry methods can be harvested within 7 to 9 yrs cycles or else according to demand. Tissue cultivation allows for faster planting cycles of between 7 to 9 years as per demand of the market, rather than 20-25 years. This proven method also delivers consistent tree quality which in turn gives higher yields and quality.

 

FAST GROWING SPECIES: TEAK TISSUE CULTURE :

Good & Safe Investment and Big Return in 7-9 Years .At just six months teak trees are already approximately 10 feet high. By year 2 they are well established as young durable trees starting to gain considerable canopy mass, and reach maturity at 7 to 9 years accordingly. High carbon sequestration: In line with its fast growth rates, teak also has one of the fastest carbon sequestration rates. Carbon is removed from the atmosphere and stored in the wood at very high levels. Project dependent this may give teak additional value on the future carbon markets as the world moves to a carbon-indexed economy.

 

LAND PREPARATION CHART

Teak & Eucalyptus can be planted at 2m x 2m, 2.5m x 2.5m or 3m x 3m espacement. It can also be raised along with agricultural crops at a spacing of 4m x 4m or 5m x 1m.

? Plough lands thoroughly and level it of. Mark the areas for pit digging by alignment and staking.

? Dig pits of 35 x 35 x 35 cm sizes. Refill the soil after seasoning and mixing with Farm Yard Manure and insecticides. On poor gravely sites, replace the pit soil by good soil.

? Use pre sprouted stumps for planting.

? Best planting season is from feb ? sep or in rainy season.

? Firm up the soil after planting and apply irrigation wherever necessary.

? Apply 50 g of fertilizer in pit at the time of planting and thereafter in split doses or as per the fertility status of soil.

? Carry out weeding operations regularly. Weeding may be carried out @ 3 operations in the first year, 2 operations in second year and one operation in the third year.

? Carry out soil working periodically for better growth of plants. One working in the Ist year and two workings in 2nd and 3rd year may be adequate.??We are providing teak plants in Andhrapradesh, ?teak plants in Gujrat, ?teak plants in Himanchal, ?teak plants in Haryana, ?teak plants in Punjab, ?teak plants in Uttarakhand, ?teak plants in Tamilnadu, ?teak plants in Chhattisgarh, ?teak plants in Delhi, ?teak plants in Rajasthan, ?teak plants in Uttar Pradesh, ?teak plants in Madhya Pradesh, ?teak plants in Bihar, ?teak plants in Jharkhand, ?teak plants in West Bengal, ?teak plants in Odisha, ?teak plants in Maharastra, ?teak plants in karnatka, teak plants in India, Teak Plants in Tanzania, Teak Plants in USA